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NO. COA07-221
NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS
Filed: 2 October 2007
DEBRA BENNETT,
Employee,
Plaintiff,
v. North
Carolina Industrial Commission
I.C.
File No. 075104
SHERATON GRAND,
Employer,
CORNHUSKER INSURANCE COMPANY,
Carrier,
Defendants.
Appeal by defendants from opinion and award entered 16
October 2006 by Commissioner Thomas J. Bolch for the North Carolina Industrial
Commission. Heard in the Court of
Appeals 19 September 2007.
Brumbaugh,
Mu & King, P.A., by Nicole D. Wray, for plaintiff-appellee.
Brotherton
Ford Yeoman & Berry, PLLC, by Richard D. Yeoman and J. Jared Simms, for
defendants-appellants.
TYSON, Judge.
Sheraton Grand (“Sheraton”) and Cornhusker Insurance Company
(collectively, “defendants”) appeal from the Full Commission of the North
Carolina Industrial Commission’s (“the Commission”) opinion and award entered
granting Debra Bennett (“plaintiff”) $281.76 per week in indemnity payments
from 25 June 1999 through 14 July 2005.
We affirm.
I.
Background
Plaintiff was employed by Sheraton and sustained an injury,
which arose out of and in the course of her employment on 29 January 1999. Plaintiff’s injury has resulted in wage loss
since 25 June 2002.
Defendants began paying indemnity and medical benefits to
plaintiff. Plaintiff’s injury was not
formally accepted by defendants as compensable as defendants failed to file
either a Form 60, “Employer’s Admission of Employee’s Right to Compensation,”
or a Form 22, “Statement of Days Worked and Earning of Injured Employee,” with
the Commission at that time.
Sheraton paid plaintiff bi-weekly prior to her injury. In initially calculating plaintiff’s average
weekly wage and compensation rate, defendants erroneously calculated
plaintiff’s average weekly wage by dividing plaintiff’s total annual wages by
twenty-six weeks rather than fifty-two weeks.
This resulted in a significant overstatement of plaintiff’s average
weekly wage. From 25 June 1999 through
20 February 2004, plaintiff was paid $281.76 per week based upon an erroneous
average weekly wage of $422.62.
On 20 February 2004, defendants filed a Form 22 and Form 60
for the first time. Using limited
payroll information, defendants re-calculated plaintiff’s average weekly wage
to be $245.63, which yielded a weekly compensation rate of $163.76. Without seeking clearance or approval from
the Commission, defendants unilaterally reduced their weekly payments to
plaintiff from $281.76 to $163.76. The
parties have since stipulated plaintiff’s average weekly wage at the time of
her injury was $214.75, which yields a weekly compensation rate of $143.17.
In March 2004, plaintiff requested that her claim be
assigned for hearing. Defendants
responded and asserted plaintiff had been grossly overpaid benefits due to
computational errors in calculating plaintiff’s average weekly wage. Defendants requested a credit for these
overpayments against any future payments owed to plaintiff.
On 1 March 2005, the matter was heard before Deputy
Commissioner Adrian A. Phillips (“Deputy Commissioner Phillips”). On 14 July 2005, Deputy Commissioner
Phillips entered an opinion and award that concluded, in part:
1. N.C. Gen.
Stat. 97-18(b),(c) and Rule 601 require that Defendant-Employer either accept
or deny a claim within 14 days of its having actual notice of the claim. N.C.
Gen. Stat. 97-18 requires that notice given shall be on a form prescribed by
the Commission. . . .
2. Defendant-Carrier
filed a Form 60, almost five years later, therefore, Defendant-Carrier has
forfeited any right to change the compensation rate paid to Plaintiff. . . .
Deputy
Commissioner Phillips further ordered that “[p]laintiff is entitled to
indemnity payments in the amount of $281.76 per week until further Order of the
Commission.” Defendants appealed to the
Full Commission.
On 16 February 2006, the Full Commission reviewed the
matter. On 16 October 2006, the Full
Commission entered an opinion and award that affirmed Deputy Commissioner
Phillips’s decision, with modifications.
The Commission concluded:
1. N.C. Gen.
Stat. §§97-18(b), (c) and Rule 601 require that defendants either accept or
deny a claim within 14 days of having actual notice of the claim. N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-18 further requires that
notice given shall be on a form prescribed by the Commission. . . .
2. Defendants did not file a Form 60, or otherwise notify the Industrial Commission that plaintiff’s claim was accepted in accordance with N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-18(b), until approximately five years after receiving notice of plaintiff’s claim. Given defendants’ unreasonable delay in raising an issue regarding plaintiff’s compensation rate, the fact that all pertinent wage records were available to defendants at the time of and all times following plaintiff’s injury, and because it would be unduly burdensome to plaintiff to require her to repay to defendants any amounts of disability compensation that she has been provided through no fault of her own, the Full Commission deems it reasonable to sanction defendants for their failure to adhere to N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-18(b) pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-18(j). Accordingly, the Full Commission holds that defendants have constructively admitted to plaintiff’s right to compensation pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-18(b) as of their first payment of compensation on July 20, 1999, at a compensation rate of $281.76 per week.
3. Because
defendants constructively admitted to plaintiff’s right to compensation at a
compensation rate of $281.76 per week pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-18(b),
that compensation rate constitutes an award of the Industrial Commission
pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-87. In
accordance with N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-47, an award of the Industrial Commission
may only be modified upon review by the Industrial Commission. It follows that defendants’ unilateral
alteration of plaintiff’s compensation rate in February 2004 was contrary to
law, and that plaintiff is entitled to disability compensation at a
compensation rate of $281.76 per week through at least the effective date of
the Deputy Commissioner’s Opinion and Award, i.e., July 14, 2005. After July 14, 2005, the compensation rate
shall be $143.17 per week.
4. Because
plaintiff has been entitled to compensation at a compensation rate of only
$143.17 per week from July 14, 2005 through the present, it follows that
defendants have some overpayment of benefits to plaintiff, and accordingly that
defendants are entitled to some credit or deduction for benefits paid to
plaintiff to date pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-42. Because defendants improperly reduced plaintiff’s rate of
compensation payment in February 2004 without first obtaining approval from the
Industrial Commission, defendants also owe plaintiff accrued benefits owed but
not yet paid.
5. Plaintiff
has stipulated to the Amended Form 22 . . . which shows that plaintiff’s
average weekly wage at the time of her compensable injury was $214.75, yielding
a compensation rate of $143.17.
Accordingly, the Full Commission, upon its own motion and pursuant to
N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-47 and N.C.R. Civ. P., Rule 60, hereby modifies defendants’
constructive admission of plaintiff’s right to compensation to bring it into
accordance with the stipulated facts of record as of July 14, 2005.
Defendants
appeal.
II.
Issues
Defendants argue the Commission erred by concluding
plaintiff is entitled to indemnity payments because: (1) they have overpaid plaintiff and are entitled to a credit;
(2) the sanction imposed by the Commission is unreasonable; (3) competent
evidence shows their alteration of plaintiff’s compensation rate in February
2004 does not entitle plaintiff to a compensation rate of $281.76 per week
through 14 July 2005; (4) their delay in raising the issue of a credit for
overpayment of benefits should not result in total forfeiture of the credit;
and (5) competent evidence shows it would not be unduly burdensome to plaintiff
to allow them to shorten the period during which compensation must be paid.
III.
Standard of Review
Our Supreme Court has stated:
[W]hen
reviewing Industrial Commission decisions, appellate courts must examine
“whether any competent evidence supports the Commission’s findings of fact and
whether [those] findings . . . support the Commission’s conclusions of
law.” The Commission’s findings of fact
are conclusive on appeal when supported by such competent evidence, “even
though there [is] evidence that would support findings to the contrary.”
McRae
v. Toastmaster, Inc., 358 N.C. 488, 496, 597 S.E.2d 695, 700 (2004)
(emphasis supplied) (quoting Deese v. Champion Int’l Corp., 352 N.C.
109, 116, 530 S.E.2d 549, 553 (2000); Jones v. Myrtle Desk Co., 264 N.C.
401, 402, 141 S.E.2d 632, 633 (1965)).
“The full Commission is the sole judge of the weight and credibility of
the evidence[.]” Deese, 352 N.C.
at 116, 530 S.E.2d at 553.
The Commission’s mixed findings of fact and conclusions of
law are fully reviewable de novo by this Court. Hilliard v. Apex Cabinet Co., 305
N.C. 593, 595, 290 S.E.2d 682, 684 (1982); Cauble v. Soft-Play, Inc.,
124 N.C. App. 526, 528, 477 S.E.2d 678, 679 (1996), disc. rev. denied,
345 N.C. 751, 485 S.E.2d 49 (1997).
Defendants argue the Commission erred by not granting them a
credit for the amount plaintiff had been overpaid pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat.
§97-42. We disagree.
N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-42 (2005) provides, in part:
Payments made
by the employer to the injured employee during the period of his disability, or
to his dependents, which by the terms of this Article were not due and payable
when made, may, subject to the approval of the Commission be deducted
from the amount to be paid as compensation.
(Emphasis
supplied).
The
statute’s use of the words “may, subject to the approval of the Commission”
shows the decision to grant an employer credit rests within the Commission’s
sound discretion and “[t]he decision to grant or deny the credit will not be
disturbed in the absence of an abuse of discretion.” Moretz v. Richards & Associates, Inc., 74 N.C. App.
72, 75, 327 S.E.2d 290, 293 (1985), modified on other grounds by,
316 N.C. 539, 342 S.E.2d 844 (1986).
This Court has stated:
Our Supreme
Court held in Foster v. Western-Electric Co., 320 N.C. 113, 115, 357
S.E.2d 670, 672 (1987) that where “defendant had not accepted plaintiff’s
injury as compensable under workers’ compensation at the time the payments were
made, nor had there been a determination of compensability by the Industrial
Commission . . . .,” the employer should be awarded a credit for these payments
under N.C.G.S. §97-42. On the other hand, in cases where it is stipulated that
the employer’s insurance carrier accepts the employee’s claim as compensable
under the Act after the injury occurred, see Moretz v. Richards &
Associates, 316 N.C. 539, 342 S.E.2d 844 (1986), and when the employer
stipulates that the employee had sustained an injury by accident arising out of
and in the course of his employment, see Ashe v. Barnes, 255 N.C. 310,
121 S.E.2d 549 (1961), a credit will be disallowed under N.C.G.S. §97-42.
Lowe
v. BE & K Constr. Co., 121 N.C. App. 570, 575-76, 468 S.E.2d 396, 399
(1996) (emphasis supplied).
Here, defendants have stipulated plaintiff’s claim was
compensable. The Commission properly
determined “a credit will be disallowed under N.C.G.S. §97-42.” Id.
Defendants have failed to show the Commission abused its discretion by
not awarding them a credit for the amount they overpaid plaintiff pursuant to
N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-42, or that its conclusion is affected by an error of
law. Moretz, 74 N.C. App. at 75,
327 S.E.2d at 293. This assignment of
error is overruled.
V.
Reasonableness of the Sanction
Defendants argue the Commission erred because the sanction imposed pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-18(j) is unreasonable as a matter of law. We disagree.
N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-18 (2005) provides, in relevant part:
(a) Compensation under this Article shall be paid periodically, promptly and directly to the person entitled thereto unless otherwise specifically provided.
(b) When the
employer or insurer admits the employee’s right to compensation, the first
installment of compensation payable by the employer shall become due on the
fourteenth day after the employer has written or actual notice of the injury or
death . . . . Upon paying the first installment of compensation . . . the
insurer shall immediately notify the Commission, on a form prescribed by the
Commission, that compensation has begun[.]
. . . .
(j) The employer or insurer shall promptly
investigate each injury reported or known to the employer and at the earliest
practicable time shall admit or deny the employee’s right to compensation or
commence payment of compensation as provided in subsections (b), (c), or (d) of
this section. When an employee files a
claim for compensation with the Commission, the Commission may order
reasonable sanctions against an employer or insurer which does not, within
30 days following notice from the Commission of the filing of a claim, or
within such reasonable additional time as the Commission may allow, do one
of the following:
(1) Notify
the Commission and the employee in writing that it is admitting the employee’s
right to compensation and, if applicable, satisfy the requirements for payment
of compensation under subsection (b) of this section.
(Emphasis
supplied). Here, defendants admitted
and accepted plaintiff’s right to compensation and failed to notify the
Commission. Defendants were subject to
sanction pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-18(j).
Defendants only contest the amount of the sanction as
unreasonable as a matter of law.
Defendants assert the Commission imposed an unreasonable $35,139.26
sanction by not allowing a credit and forcing them to grossly overpay plaintiff
from 25 June 1999 to 14 July 2005. This
Court reviews the imposition of sanctions by the Commission pursuant to N.C.
Gen. Stat. §97-18 under an abuse of discretion standard. See Shah v. Howard Johnson, 140 N.C.
App. 58, 65, 535 S.E.2d 577, 582 (2000) (The Commission did not act arbitrarily
or abuse its discretion in imposing sanctions pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat.
§97-18 on defendant-employer who unilaterally terminated the benefits of
plaintiff-employee.)
Here, defendants have failed to show the Commission abused
its discretion in imposing the sanction against them. The sole reason the sanction accrued to the amount what
defendants portray it to be is through their failure to comply with N.C. Gen.
Stat. §97-18 for approximately five years.
Defendants have failed to show any abuse of discretion by the
Commission. This assignment of error is
overruled.
VI.
Compensation From 20 February 2004 through 14 July 2005
Defendants argue the Commission’s conclusion of law numbered
3 is contrary to the law and must be reversed.
Defendants reason they were not obligated to apply to the Commission for
a modification pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-47 and assert plaintiff had not
been “awarded” compensation because neither a Form 60 nor a Form 21 had been
filed in this case until 20 February 2004.
We disagree.
The Commission concluded:
3. Because defendants constructively admitted to plaintiff’s right to compensation at $281.76 per week pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-18(b), that compensation rate constitutes an award of the Industrial Commission pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-87. In accordance with N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-47, an award of the Industrial Commission may only be modified upon review by the Industrial Commission. It follows that defendants’ unilateral alteration of plaintiff’s compensation rate in February 2004 was contrary to law, and that plaintiff is entitled to disability compensation at a compensation rate of $281.76 per week through at least the effective date of the Deputy Commissioner’s Opinion and Award, i.e., July 14, 2005. After July 14, 2005, the compensation rate shall be $143.17 per week.
N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-87(a)(1) (2005) provides an “‘award’
includes . . . [a] form filed, or an award arising, under G.S. 97-18(b)[.]”
(Emphasis supplied). As noted above,
defendants admitted plaintiff’s right to compensation in 1999 pursuant to N.C.
Gen. Stat. §97-18(b) when they failed to notify the Commission for nearly five
years. The Commission correctly
concluded that plaintiff’s right to compensation arose under N.C. Gen. Stat.
§97-18(b) and constituted an award pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-87.
The statutes provide “no basis for altering a final award of
compensation, other than that provided by G.S. 97-47.” Watkins v. Central Motor Lines, Inc.,
10 N.C. App. 486, 491, 179 S.E.2d 130, 134, rev’d on other grounds, 279
N.C. 132, 181 S.E.2d 588 (1971). On 20
February 2004, defendants unilaterally reduced plaintiff’s compensation rate
from $281.76 per week to $163.76 per week.
This reduction occurred without the Commission’s approval and was
contrary to N.C. Gen. Stat. §97-47. The
Commission’s conclusion of law numbered 3 is not contrary to the law. This assignment of error is overruled.
VII.
Forfeiture of Credit and Recoupment of Credit
Defendants argue their delay in raising the issue of a
credit for overpayment of benefits should not result in a total forfeiture of
the credit. Defendants also argue
competent evidence shows it would not be unduly burdensome to plaintiff for the
Commission to allow defendants to shorten the period for which compensation
must be paid to recoup their credit. As
we held above, the Commission did not abuse its discretion by disallowing
defendants a credit for the amount plaintiff has been overpaid pursuant to N.C.
Gen. Stat. §97-42. In the absence of
any showing of an abuse of discretion or an error of law, this assignment of
error is overruled.
VIII.
Conclusion
The Commission is charged by statute with administering the
workers’ compensation laws. Under our
standard of review of the Commission’s rulings defendants complain of,
defendants have failed to show the Commission abused its discretion by not
awarding them a credit for the amount they overpaid plaintiff pursuant to N.C.
Gen. Stat. §97-42. Defendants have also
failed to show the Commission abused its discretion in imposing the sanction of
not allowing a credit for gross overpayments by defendants to plaintiff. The Commission’s conclusion of law numbered
3 is not contrary to law. The
Commission’s opinion and award is affirmed.
Affirmed.
Judge MCGEE and Judge ELMORE concur.